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Class 12 Political Science Part A Chapter 7 Notes — Globalisation (CBSE 2026-27)

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Exam-oriented handwritten-style notes. 19 pages for CBSE Class 12 Political Science, Part A Chapter 7 — Unit 7 of the paper, 4 marks of 80, and the last chapter of Part A. What globalisation actually means as flows rather than just trade, why technology is a cause but not the whole cause, the state-capacity argument from both sides, why economic globalisation divides opinion, cultural homogenisation against heterogenisation, India’s path from colonial trade through protectionism to 1991, resistance from the left and the right kept apart, and the World Social Forum with its dates. A 27-term glossary and 10 board questions with model answers — 10 rather than 13 because a 4-mark unit stops at the 4-mark level. Instant PDF download.

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Exam-oriented handwritten-style notes — every page laid out like class notes, with highlighting, boxes and a mind map, built to be read the night before rather than skimmed.

Unit 7 of the CBSE Class 12 Political Science paper carries 4 marks out of 80, and it is the last chapter of Part A. Checked against CBSE’s own 2026-27 curriculum document.

What is inside

  • Chapter at a glance — a one-page mind map of the whole chapter
  • Complete topic-by-topic notes, NCERT-aligned, in CBSE’s own topic order
  • What globalisation actually means — flows, not just trade — worldwide flows of ideas, capital, commodities and people, and why the concept is multi-dimensional rather than purely economic. Treating it as a trade question is the commonest way to lose marks here
  • Why technology is a cause but not the whole cause — the distinction the examiner is looking for
  • The state-capacity argument, both halves of it — the case that globalisation shrinks the state, and the case that it has actually increased state capacity; an evaluate question needs both
  • Why economic globalisation divides opinion — the welfare state against the minimal state, the social safety net, and the role of the IMF and WTO
  • Cultural homogenisation against heterogenisation — McDonaldisation and the critics’ charge of cultural imperialism, set against the argument that cultures also diversify
  • India’s path — colonial trade, protectionism, 1991 — import substitution and why it was chosen, then the economic reforms of 1991, liberalisation and privatisation
  • Resistance from the left and from the right, kept apart — two different critiques of the same process, including swadeshi, which students routinely merge with the left-wing case
  • The World Social Forum, with its dates — Porto Alegre, the Indian Social Forum, and Seattle 1999
  • A 27-term glossary of every definition the paper can ask for
  • 10 board-pattern questions with full model answers
  • A revision tracker to tick off each topic as read, practised and revised

Why 10 questions and not 13

Every other Part A chapter carries 6 marks and has 13 solved questions. This unit carries 4, so the question bank has 10 and stops at the 4-mark level. A 4-mark unit will not produce a 6-mark question, and padding one in would only waste your time. The notes say so plainly rather than quietly matching the other chapters.

Written for the 2026-27 syllabus

Nothing from CBSE’s list for this unit is left out — all five sub-topics are covered. The Cold War Era and US Hegemony in World Politics were removed from the 2026-27 syllabus and appear nowhere in this set.

The file

  • Format: PDF, A4 — works on a phone and prints cleanly
  • Length: 19 pages plus cover
  • Delivery: instant download link after payment, plus a copy by email
  • Free updates: if CBSE changes the syllabus or a correction goes in, the updated file is sent to you at no cost. You never pay twice for the same chapter.

By Aditi Ojha (Savvy Ma’am) — Founder and educator, The Savvy Humanities. Teaching Humanities on YouTube since 2023. These notes pair with the free chapter video; QR codes inside the file link to it.

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